Awesome List
build-your-own-x
by codecrafters-io
Awesome-list of step-by-step guides to build your own tech from scratch
A curated compilation of well-written, step-by-step guides for re-creating popular technologies from scratch. This repository helps developers master programming concepts by rebuilding systems like databases, operating systems, and programming languages. It serves as an educational resource for hands-on learning across various programming languages and domains.
Key features
- Compiles guides for building databases, operating systems, and programming languages
- Includes tutorials for AI models, blockchain, BitTorrent clients, and web servers
- Covers diverse programming languages like C, Python, Go, JavaScript, and Rust
- Organized by technology category for easy navigation and learning
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README
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Build your own <insert-technology-here>
This repository is a compilation of well-written, step-by-step guides for re-creating our favorite technologies from scratch.
What I cannot create, I do not understand — Richard Feynman.
It's a great way to learn.
- 3D Renderer
- AI Model
- Augmented Reality
- BitTorrent Client
- Blockchain / Cryptocurrency
- Bot
- Command-Line Tool
- Database
- Docker
- Emulator / Virtual Machine
- Front-end Framework / Library
- Game
- Git
- Memory Allocator
- Network Stack
- Neural Network
- Operating System
- Physics Engine
- Processor
- Programming Language
- Regex Engine
- Search Engine
- Shell
- Template Engine
- Text Editor
- Visual Recognition System
- Voxel Engine
- Web Browser
- Web Server
- Uncategorized
Tutorials
Build your own Distributed Systems
Build your own 3D Renderer
- C++: Introduction to Ray Tracing: a Simple Method for Creating 3D Images
- C++: How OpenGL works: software rendering in 500 lines of code
- C++: Raycasting engine of Wolfenstein 3D
- C++: Physically Based Rendering:From Theory To Implementation
- C++: Ray Tracing in One Weekend
- C++: Rasterization: a Practical Implementation
- C# / TypeScript / JavaScript: Learning how to write a 3D soft engine from scratch in C#, TypeScript or JavaScript
- Java / JavaScript: Build your own 3D renderer
- Java: How to create your own simple 3D render engine in pure Java
- JavaScript / Pseudocode: Computer Graphics from scratch
- Python: A 3D Modeller
Build your own AI Model
- Python: A Large Language Model (LLM)
- Python: Diffusion Models for Image Generation
- Python: RAG for Document Search
Build your own Augmented Reality
- C#: How To: Augmented Reality App Tutorial for Beginners with Vuforia and Unity 3D [video]
- C#: How To Unity ARCore [video]
- C#: AR Portal Tutorial with Unity [video]
- C#: How to create a Dragon in Augmented Reality in Unity ARCore [video]
- C#: How to Augmented Reality AR Tutorial: ARKit Portal to the Upside Down [video]
- Python: Augmented Reality with Python and OpenCV
Build your own BitTorrent Client
- C#: Building a BitTorrent client from scratch in C#
- Go: Building a BitTorrent client from the ground up in Go
- Nim: Writing a Bencode Parser
- Node.js: Write your own bittorrent client
- Python: A BitTorrent client in Python 3.5
Build your own Blockchain / Cryptocurrency
- ATS: Functional Blockchain
- Crystal: Write your own blockchain and PoW algorithm using Crystal
- Go: Building Blockchain in Go
- Go: Code your own blockchain in less than 200 lines of Go
- Java: Creating Your First Blockchain with Java
- JavaScript: A cryptocurrency implementation in less than 1500 lines of code
- JavaScript: Build your own Blockchain in JavaScript
- JavaScript: Learn & Build a JavaScript Blockchain
- JavaScript: Creating a blockchain with JavaScript
- JavaScript: How To Launch Your Own Production-Ready Cryptocurrency
- JavaScript: Writing a Blockchain in Node.js
- Kotlin: Let’s implement a cryptocurrency in Kotlin
- Python: Learn Blockchains by Building One
- Python: Build your own blockchain: a Python tutorial
- Python: A Practical Introduction to Blockchain with Python
- Python: Let’s Build the Tiniest Blockchain
- Ruby: Programming Blockchains Step-by-Step (Manuscripts Book Edition)
- Scala: How to build a simple actor-based blockchain
- TypeScript: Naivecoin: a tutorial for building a cryptocurrency
- TypeScript: NaivecoinStake: a tutorial for building a cryptocurrency with the Proof of Stake consensus
- Rust: Building A Blockchain in Rust & Substrate
Build your own Bot
- Haskell: Roll your own IRC bot
- Node.js: Creating a Simple Facebook Messenger AI Bot with API.ai in Node.js
- Node.js: How to make a responsive telegram bot
- Node.js: Create a Discord bot
- Node.js: gifbot - Building a GitHub App
- Node.js: Building A Simple AI Chatbot With Web Speech API And Node.js
- Python: How to Build Your First Slack Bot with Python
- Python: How to build a Slack Bot with Python using Slack Events API & Django under 20 minute
- Python: Build a Reddit Bot
- Python: How To Make A Reddit Bot [video]
- Python: How To Create a Telegram Bot Using Python
- Python: Create a Twitter Bot in Python Using Tweepy
- Python: Creating Reddit Bot with Python & PRAW [video]
- R: Build A Cryptocurrency Trading Bot with R
- Rust: A bot for Starcraft in Rust, C or any other language
Build your own Command-Line Tool
- Go: Visualize your local git contributions with Go
- Go: Build a command line app with Go: lolcat
- Go: Building a cli command with Go: cowsay
- Go: Go CLI tutorial: fortune clone
- Nim: Writing a stow alternative to manage dotfiles
- Node.js: Create a CLI tool in Javascript
- Rust: Command line apps in Rust
- Rust: Writing a Command Line Tool in Rust
- Zig: Build Your Own CLI App in Zig from Scratch
Build your own Database
- C: Let's Build a Simple Database
- C++: Build Your Own Redis from Scratch
- C#: Build Your Own Database
- Clojure: An Archaeology-Inspired Database
- Crystal: Why you should build your own NoSQL Database
- Go: Build Your Own Database from Scratch: From B+Tree To SQL in 3000 Lines
- Go: Code a database in 45 steps: a series of test-driven small coding puzzles
- Go: Build Your Own Redis from Scratch
- JavaScript: Dagoba: an in-memory graph database
- Python: DBDB: Dog Bed Database
- Python: Write your own miniature Redis with Python
- Ruby: Build your own fast, persistent KV store in Ruby
- Rust: Build your own Redis client and server
Build your own Docker
- C: Linux containers in 500 lines of code
- Go: Build Your Own Container Using Less than 100 Lines of Go
- Go: Building a container from scratch in Go [video]
- Python: A workshop on Linux containers: Rebuild Docker from Scratch
- Python: A proof-of-concept imitation of Docker, written in 100% Python
- Shell: Docker implemented in around 100 lines of bash
Build your own Emulator / Virtual Machine
- C: Home-grown bytecode interpreters
- C: Virtual machine in C
- C: Write your Own Virtual Machine
- C: Writing a Game Boy emulator, Cinoop
- C++: How to write an emulator (CHIP-8 interpreter)
- C++: Emulation tutorial (CHIP-8 interpreter)
- C++: Emulation tutorial (GameBoy emulator)
- C++: Emulation tutorial (Master System emulator)
- C++: NES Emulator From Scratch [video]
- Common Lisp: CHIP-8 in Common Lisp
- JavaScript: GameBoy Emulation in JavaScript
- Python: Emulation Basics: Write your own Chip 8 Emulator/Interpreter
- Rust: 0dmg: Learning Rust by building a partial Game Boy emulator
Build your own Front-end Framework / Library
- JavaScript: WTF is JSX (Let's Build a JSX Renderer)
- JavaScript: A DIY guide to build your own React
- JavaScript: Building React From Scratch [video]
- JavaScript: Gooact: React in 160 lines of JavaScript
- JavaScript: Learn how React Reconciler package works by building your own lightweight React DOM
- JavaScript: Build Yourself a Redux
- JavaScript: Let’s Write Redux!
- JavaScript: Redux: Implementing Store from Scratch [video]
- JavaScript: Build Your own Simplified AngularJS in 200 Lines of JavaScript
- JavaScript: Make Your Own AngularJS
- JavaScript: How to write your own Virtual DOM
- JavaScript: Building a frontend framework, from scratch, with components (templating, state, VDOM)
- JavaScript: Build your own React
- JavaScript: Building a Custom React Renderer [video]
Build your own Game
- C: Handmade Hero
- C: How to Program an NES game in C
- C: Chess Engine In C [video]
- C: Let's Make: Dangerous Dave [video]
- C: Learn Video Game Programming in C [video]
- C: Coding A Sudoku Solver in C [video]
- C: Coding a Rogue/Nethack RPG in C [video]
- C: On Tetris and Reimplementation
- C++: Breakout
- C++: Beginning Game Programming v2.0
- C++: Tetris tutorial in C++ platform independent focused in game logic for beginners
- C++: Remaking Cavestory in C++ [video]
- C++: Reconstructing Cave Story [video]
- C++: Space Invaders from Scratch
- C#: Learn C# by Building a Simple RPG
- C#: Creating a Roguelike Game in C#
- C#: Build a C#/WPF RPG
- Go: Games With Go [video]
- Java: Code a 2D Game Engine using Java - Full Course for Beginners [video]
- Java: 3D Game Development with LWJGL 3
- JavaScript: 2D breakout game using Phaser
- JavaScript: How to Make Flappy Bird in HTML5 With Phaser
- JavaScript: Developing Games with React, Redux, and SVG
- JavaScript: Build your own 8-Ball Pool game from scratch [video]
- JavaScript: How to Make Your First Roguelike
- JavaScript: Think like a programmer: How to build Snake using only JavaScript, HTML & CSS
- Lua: BYTEPATH
- Python: Developing Games With PyGame
- Python: Making Games with Python & Pygame [pdf]
- Python: Roguelike Tutorial Revised
- Ruby: Developing Games With Ruby
- Ruby: Ruby Snake
- Rust: Adventures in Rust: A Basic 2D Game
- Rust: Roguelike Tutorial in Rust + tcod
Build your own Git
- Haskell: Reimplementing “git clone” in Haskell from the bottom up
- JavaScript: Gitlet
- JavaScript: Build GIT - Learn GIT
- Python: Just enough of a Git client to create a repo, commit, and push itself to GitHub
- Python: Write yourself a Git!
- Python: ugit: Learn Git Internals by Building Git Yourself
- Ruby: Rebuilding Git in Ruby
Build your own Memory Allocator
Build your own Network Stack
- C: Beej's Guide to Network Programming
- C: Let's code a TCP/IP stack
- C / Python: Build your own VPN/Virtual Switch
- Ruby: How to build a network stack in Ruby
Build your own Neural Network
- C#: Neural Network OCR
- F#: Building Neural Networks in F#: Part 1
- F#: Building Neural Networks in F#: Part 2
- Go: Build a multilayer perceptron with Golang
- Go: How to build a simple artificial neural network with Go
- Go: Building a Neural Net from Scratch in Go
- JavaScript / Java: Neural Networks - The Nature of Code [video]
- JavaScript: Neural networks from scratch for JavaScript linguists (Part1 — The Perceptron)
- Python: A Neural Network in 11 lines of Python
- Python: Implement a Neural Network from Scratch
- Python: Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
- Python: Traffic signs classification with a convolutional network
- Python: Generate Music using LSTM Neural Network in Keras
- Python: An Introduction to Convolutional Neural Networks
- Python: Neural Networks: Zero to Hero
- Python: SlowTorch: Implementation of PyTorch from the ground up in 100% pure Python
Build your own Operating System
- Assembly: Writing a Tiny x86 Bootloader
- Assembly: Baking Pi – Operating Systems Development
- C: Building a software and hardware stack for a simple computer from scratch [video]
- C: Operating Systems: From 0 to 1
- C: The little book about OS development
- C: Roll your own toy UNIX-clone OS
- C: Kernel 101 – Let’s write a Kernel
- C: Kernel 201 – Let’s write a Kernel with keyboard and screen support
- C: Build a minimal multi-tasking kernel for ARM from scratch
- C: How to create an OS from scratch
- C: Malloc tutorial
- C: Hack the virtual memory
- C: Learning operating system development using Linux kernel and Raspberry Pi
- C: Operating systems development for Dummies
- C++: Write your own Operating System [video]
- C++: Writing a Bootloader
- Rust: Writing an OS in Rust
- Rust: Add RISC-V Rust Operating System Tutorial
- (any): Linux from scratch
Build your own Physics Engine
- C: Video Game Physics Tutorial
- C++: Game physics series by Allen Chou
- C++: How to Create a Custom Physics Engine
- C++: 3D Physics Engine Tutorial [video]
- JavaScript: How Physics Engines Work
- JavaScript: Broad Phase Collision Detection Using Spatial Partitioning
- JavaScript: Build a simple 2D physics engine for JavaScript games
Build your own Processor
Build your own Programming Language
- (any): mal - Make a Lisp
- Assembly: Jonesforth
- C: Baby's First Garbage Collector
- C: Build Your Own Lisp: Learn C and build your own programming language in 1000 lines of code
- C: Writing a Simple Garbage Collector in C
- C: C interpreter that interprets itself.
- C: A C & x86 version of the "Let's Build a Compiler" by Jack Crenshaw
- C: A journey explaining how to build a compiler from scratch
- C++: Writing Your Own Toy Compiler Using Flex
- C++: How to Create a Compiler [video]
- C++: Kaleidoscope: Implementing a Language with LLVM
- F#: Understanding Parser Combinators
- Elixir: Demystifying compilers by writing your own [video]
- Go: The Super Tiny Compiler
- Go: Lexical Scanning in Go [video]
- Haskell: Let's Build a Compiler
- Haskell: Write You a Haskell
- Haskell: Write Yourself a Scheme in 48 Hours
- Haskell: Write You A Scheme
- Java: Crafting interpreters: A handbook for making programming languages
- Java: Creating JVM Language
- JavaScript: The Super Tiny Compiler
- [JavaScript: The Super Tiny Interpreter](https://github.com/keyanzhang/the-super
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